Terms and Definitions


API 5L reference, except as given in 4.1 to 4.67, shall apply:  ISO 6929 or ASTM A941 (steel products), SO 4885 or ASTM A941 for heat treatment), API TR 5T1 (imperfection terminology), ISO 404, ISO 10474 or ASTM A370 (types of sampling procedures, inspection and inspection documents) 
  • API 5L, 4.1 as agreed : requirement to be as agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser, and specified in the purchase order. NOTE  Associated, for example, with items covered by 7.2 a). 
  • API 5L, 4.2 as-rolled: delivery condition without any special rolling and/or heat-treatment 
  • API 5L, 4.3 coil/plate end weld: weld that joins coil or plate ends together 
  • API 5L, 4.4 cold expanded pipe: pipe that, while at ambient mill temperature, has received a permanent increase in outside diameter or circumference throughout its length, by internal hydrostatic pressure in closed dies or by an internal expanding mechanical device 
  • API 5L, 4.5 cold-sized pipe: pipe that, after forming (including sizing on EW), while at ambient mill temperature, has received a permanent increase in outside diameter or circumference for all or part of its length, or permanent decrease in outside diameter or circumference for all or part of its length 
  • API 5L, 4.6 cold finishing: cold-working operation (normally cold drawing)with a permanent strain greater than 1,5 %. NOTE  The amount of permanent strain generally differentiates it from cold expansion and cold sizing. 
  • API 5L, 4.7 cold forming: process in which a strip or plate is formed into a pipe without heating 
  • API 5L, 4.8 continuous welding (CW): process of forming a seam by heating the strip ina furnace and mechanically pressing the formed edges together, wherein successive coils ofstrip had been joined together to provide a continuous flow of strip for the welding mill 
  • API 5L, 4.9 COW pipe (combination welded pipe): tubular product having one or two longitudinal seams or one helical seam, produced by a combination of gas metal-arc and submerged-arc welding wherein the gas-metal arc weld bead is not completely removed by the submerged-arc welding passes 
  • API 5L, 4.10 COWH pipe (combination helical welded pipe): tubular product having one helical seam produced by a combination of gas metal-arc and submerged-arc welding wherein the gas-metal arc weld bead is not completely removed by the submerged-arc welding passes 
  • API 5L, 4.11 COWL pipe) combination longitudinal welded pipe): tubular product having one or two longitudinal seams produced by a combination of gas metal-arc and submerged-arc welding wherein the gas-metal arc weld bead is not completely removed by the submerged-arc welding passes 
  • API 5L, 4.12 COW seam (combination welding seam): longitudinal or helical seam produced by a combination of gas metal-arc and submerged-arc welding wherein the gas-metal arc weld bead is not completely removed by the submerged-arc welding passes 
  • API 5L, 4.13 CW pipe (continuous welded pipe): tubular product having one longitudinal seam produced by continuous welding 
  • API 5L, 4.14 daughter coil: portion of steel removed via slitting, cutting or shearing from the mother coil which is used to produce one or more pieces of pipe 
  • API 5L, 4.15 daughter plate: portion of steel removed via slitting, cutting or shearing from the mother plate which is used to produce one or more pieces of pipe 
  • API 5L, 4.16 defect: imperfection of a size and/or population density greater than the acceptance criteria specified in this Standard 
  • API 5L, 4.17 EW pipe (electric welded pipe): tubular product having one longitudinal seam produced by low- or high-frequency electric-welding 
  • API 5L, 4.18 EW seam (electric welded seam): longitudinal seam produced by electric welding 
  • API 5L, 4.19 electric welding (EW): process of forming a seam by electric-resistance welding, wherein the edges to be welded are mechanically pressed together and the heat for welding is generated by the resistance to flow of electric current applied by induction or conduction 
  • API 5L, 4.20 flux core arc welding: welding process that produces melting and coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a continuous filler metal electrode and the work-piece, wherein the arc and molten metal are shielded by a flux contained within the tubular electrode. NOTE  In some cases, additional shielding is obtained from an externally supplied gas or gas mixture. 
  • API 5L, 4.21 gas metal-arc welding (GMAW): welding process that produces melting and coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc or arcs between a continuous consumable electrode and the work, wherein the arc and molten metal are shielded by an externally supplied gas or gas mixture. NOTE  Contact pressure is not used and the filler metal is obtained from the electrode. 
  • API 5L, 4.22 heat: the metal produced by a single cycle of a batch melting process 
  • API 5L, 4.23 HFW pipe (high-frequency welded pipe): EW pipe produced with a welding current frequency equal to or greater than 70 kHz 
  • API 5L, 4.24 if agreed: requirement to be as prescribed, or more stringent than is prescribed, if agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser and specified in the purchase order. NOTE  Associated, for example, with items covered by 7.2 c). 
  • API 5L, 4.25 imperfection: discontinuity or irregularity in the product wall or on the product surface that is detectable by inspection methods outlined in this Standard 
  • API 5L, 4.26 indication: evidence obtained by non-destructive inspection 
  • API 5L, 4.27 informative elements: elements that: a) identify the document, introduce its content and explain its background, development, and its relationship with other documents, or b) provide additional information intended to assistwith the understanding or use of the document. NOTE  See ISO/IEC Directives Part 2.  
  • API 5L, 4.28 inspection: activities, such as measuring, examining, testing,weighing or gauging one or more characteristics of a product, and comparing the results of such activities with the specified requirements in order to determine conformity. NOTE  Adapted from ISO 404. 
  • API 5L, 4.29 instrument standardization: adjustment of a non-destructive inspection instrument to an arbitrary reference value 
  • API 5L, 4.30 jointer: two or three lengths of pipe coupled or welded together by the manufacturer 
  • API 5L, 4.31 ladle refining: a post steelmaking secondary process, performed prior to casting to improve the steel quality, of which some examples may include degassing, desulfurization and various methods for the removal of nonmetallic inclusions and for inclusion shape control 
  • API 5L, 4.32 lamination: internal metal separation that creates layers, generally parallel to the pipe surface 
  • API 5L, 4.33 laser welding (LW): process of forming a seam by using a laser-beam keyhole welding technique to produce melting and coalescence of the edges to be welded, with or without preheating of the edges, wherein shielding is obtained from an externally supplied gas or gas mixture 
  • API 5L, 4.34 low frequency electric welded pipe (LFW pipe): EW pipe produced with a welding current frequency less than 70 kHz 
  • API 5L, 4.35 LW pipe (laser welded pipe): tubular product having one longitudinal seam produced by laser welding 
  • API 5L, 4.36 manufacturer: firm, company or corporation responsible for making and marking the product in accordance with the requirements of this Standard. NOTE 1  The manufacturer is, as applicable, a pipe mill, processor, maker of couplings or threader. NOTE 2  Adapted from ISO 11961[5]
  • API 5L, 4.37 mother coil: hot-rolled coil of steel processed from a single reheated slab which is used to produce one or more pieces of pipe 
  • API 5L, 4.38 mother plate: hot-rolled plate of steel processed from a single reheated slab which is used to produce one or more pieces of pipe 
  • API 5L, 4.39 non-destructive inspection/ non-destructive testing (NDT): inspection of pipe to reveal imperfections, using radiographic, ultrasonic or other methods specified in this Standard that do not involve disturbance, stressing or breaking of the materials 
  • API 5L, 4.40 normalizing formed: pipe delivery condition resulting from the forming process in which the final deformation is carried out within a certain temperature range, leading to a material condition equivalent to that obtained after normalizing, such that the specified mechanical properties would still be met in the event of any subsequent normalizing 
  • API 5L, 4.41 normalizing rolled: pipe delivery condition resulting from the rolling process in which the final deformation is carried out within a certain temperature range, leading to a material condition equivalent to that obtained after normalizing, such that the specified mechanical properties would still be met in the event of any subsequent normalizing 
  • API 5L, 4.42 normative elements: elements that describe the scope of the document, and which set out provisions that are required to implement the standard. NOTE  See ISO/IEC Directives Part 2. 
  • API 5L, 4.43 pipe body: <SMLS pipe> the entire pipe 
  • API 5L, 4.44 pipe body: <welded pipe> the entire pipe, excluding the weld(s) and HAZ 
  • API 5L, 4.45 pipe grade: designation of pipe strength level. NOTE  Chemical composition and/or heat treatment condition of a pipe grade may differ. 
  • API 5L, 4.46 pipe mill: firm, company or corporation that operates pipe-making facilities. NOTE  Adapted from ISO 11960[6]
  • API 5L, 4.47 processor: firm, company or corporation that operates facilities capable of heat treating pipe made by a pipe mill. NOTE  Adapted from ISO 11960[6]
  • API 5L, 4.48 product analysis: chemical analysis of the pipe, plate or coil 
  • API 5L, 4.49 purchaser: party responsible for both the definition of requirements for a product order and for payment of that order
  • API 5L, 4.50 quenching and tempering: heat treatment consisting of quench hardening followed by tempering 
  • API 5L, 4.51 sample: quantity of material taken from the product to be tested for the purpose of producing one or more test pieces 
  • API 5L, 4.52 SAW pipe (submerged-arc welded pipe) :tubular product having one or two longitudinal seams, or one helical seam, produced by the submerged arc welding process 
  • API 5L, 4.53 SAWH pipe (submerged-arc helical welded pipe): tubular product having one helical seam produced by the submerged-arc welding process 
  • API 5L, 4.54 SAWL pipe (submerged-arc longitudinal welded pipe): tubular product having one or two longitudinal seams produced by submerged-arc welding 
  • API 5L, 4.55 SAW seam (submerged-arc welding seam): longitudinal or helical seam produced by submerged-arc welding 
  • API 5L, 4.56 seamless pipe (SMLS pipe): pipe without a welded seam, produced by a hot-forming process, which can be followed by cold sizing or cold finishing to produce the desired shape, dimensions and properties 
  • API 5L, 4.57 service condition: condition of use that is specified bythe purchaser in the purchase order. NOTE  In this Standard, the terms “sour service”and “offshore service” are service conditions. 
  • API 5L, 4.58 shielded metal arc welding (SMAW): welding process that produces melting and coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a covered metal electrode and the work, wherein the arc and molten metal are shielded by decomposition of the electrode covering. NOTE  Contact pressure is not used and the decomposition is obtained from the electrode. 
  • API 5L, 4.59 submerged-arc welding (SAW): welding process that produces melting and coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc or arcs between a bare metal consumable electrode or electrodes and the work-piece, wherein the arc and molten metal are shielded by a blanket of granular flux. NOTE  Contact pressure is not used and part or all ofthe filler metal is obtained from the electrodes.
  • API 5L, 4.60 tack weld: intermittent or continuous seam weld used to maintain the alignment of the abutting edges until the final seam weld is produced 
  • API 5L, 4.61 test piece: part of a sample with specified dimensions, machinedor un-machined, brought to a required condition for submission to a given test 
  • API 5L, 4.62 test unit: prescribed quantity of pipe that is made to the samespecified outside diameter and specified wall thickness, from coils/plates produced by the same hot rolling practice (as applicable to welded pipe), from the same pipe-manufacturing process from the same heat and under the same pipe-manufacturing conditions 
  • API 5L, 4.63 thermomechanical forming: hot-forming process for manufacture of pipe, in which the final deformation is carried out in a certain temperature range, leading to a material condition with certain properties that cannot be achieved or repeated by heat treatment alone, and such deformation is followed by cooling, possibly with increased cooling rates, with or without tempering, self-tempering included. CAUTION — Subsequent heating above 580 °C (1 075 °F) typically can lower the strength values. 
  • API 5L, 4.64 thermomechanical rolled: pipe delivery condition resulting from the hot-rolling process for coil or plate, in which the final deformation is carried out in a certain temperature range, leading to a material condition with certain properties that cannot be achieved or repeated by heat treatment alone, and such deformation is followed by cooling, possibly with increased cooling rates, with or without tempering, self-tempering included. CAUTION — Subsequent heating above 580 °C (1 075 °F) typically can lower the strength values. 
  • API 5L, 4.65 undercut: groove melted into the parent metal adjacent to the weld toe and left unfilled by the deposited weld metal 
  • API 5L, 4.66 unless otherwise agreed: requirement that applies, unless an alternative requirement is agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser and specified in the purchase order. NOTE  Associated, for example, with items covered by 7.2 b) and 7.2 c). 
  • API 5L, 4.67 welded pipe: CW, COWH, COWL, EW, HFW, LFW, LW, SAWH or SAWL pipe 
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