API 5L: Pipe Grade, Steel Grade and Delivery Condition, Information to be supplied by the Purchaser


API 5L
Pipe Grade, Steel Grade and Delivery Condition
6.1.1 PSL1: refer to Table 1, consist of an alpha (A or B) or alphanumeric (min. yield strength) and linked to the chemical composition of the steel. The suffix “P” indicates that the steel has a specified phosphorus range

6.1.2 PSL2: refer to Table 1, consist of an alpha (B) or alphanumeric (min. yield strength) and linked to the chemical composition of the steel. Additionally includes a suffix "R, N, Q or N" that identifies the delivery condition (see Table 3). Spesific application for sour service (see H.4.1.1), for offshore (service, see J.4.1.1)

6.1.3 Other steel grade designations (steel numbers) that are used in addition to the steel name in
Europe are given for guidance in Table L.1.

6.2 Delivery conditions for PSL 1 and PSL 2 pipes are specified in the purchase order and given in Table 1 with additional information for PSL 2 pipes  in Table 3.


Table 1


PSL DELIVERY CONDITION PIPE GRADE/ STEEL GRADE  (a), (b)
PSL 1 As-rolled, normalizing rolled, normalized or normalizing formed L175 or A25, L175P or A25P, L210 or A
PSL 1 As-rolled, normalizing rolled, thermomechanical rolled, thermomechanical formed, normalizing formed, normalized, normalized and tempered; or, if agreed, quenched and tempered for SMLS pipe only. L245 or B
PSL1 As-rolled, normalizing rolled, thermomechanical rolled, thermomechanical formed, normalizing formed, normalized, normalized and tempered or quenched and tempered. L290 or X42, L320 or X46, L360 or X52, L390 or X56, L415 or X60, L450 or X65, L485 or X70
PSL 1 As-rolled L245R or BR, L290R or X42R
PSL 2 Normalizing rolled, normalizing formed, normalized or normalized and tempered L245N or BN, L290N or X42N, L320N or X46N, L360N or X52N, L390N or X56N, L415N or X60N
PSL 2 Quenched and tempered L245Q or BQ, L290Q or X42Q, L320Q or X46Q, L360Q or X52Q, L390Q or X56Q, L415Q or X60Q, L450Q or X65Q, L485Q or X70Q, L555Q or X80Q, L625Q or X90Q(c), L690Q or X100Q(c)
PSL 2 Thermomechanical rolled or thermomechanical formed L245M or BM, L290M or X42M, L320M or X46M, L360M or X52M, L390M or X56M, L415M or X60M, L450M or X65M, L485M or X70M, L555M or X80M
PSL 2 Thermomechanical rolled L625M or X90M, L690M or X100M, L830M or X120M

Note:
(a). For intermediate grades, the steel grade shall be in one of the following formats: (1) The letter L followed by the specified minimum yield strength in MPa and, for PSL 2 pipe, the letter describing the delivery condition (R, N, Q or M) consistent with the above formats. (2) The letter X followed by a two or three digit number equal to the specified minimum yield strength in 1000 psi rounded down to the nearest integer and, for PSL 2 pipe, the letter describing the delivery condition (R, N, Q or M) consistent with the above formats.
(b). The suffix (R, N, Q or M) for PSL 2 grades belongs to the steel grade.
(c). Seamless only.

API 5L: Specification for Line Pipe

Contents
API 5L: Specification for Line Pipe
  • Para 1, 2: Introduction, Scope and Conformity
  • Para 3: Terms and Definitions
  • Para 4: Symbols and Abbreviated Terms 
  • Para 5: Normative Reference
  • Para 6, 7: Pipe Grade, Steel Grade and Delivery Condition, Information to be supplied by the Purchaser 
  • Para 8: Manufacturing
  • Para 9: Acceptance Criteria
  • Para 10: Inspection
  • Para 11: Marking
  • Para 12: Coatings and Thread Protectors
  • Para 13: Retention of records
  • Para 14: Pipe Bending

API 5L: Introduction, Scope and Conformity

2 basic levels of standard technical requirements for line pipe expressed as :

  • Level PSL 1 provides a standard quality level for line pipe.
  • Level PSL 2 has additional mandatory requirements for chemical composition, notch toughness and strength properties and additional NDT.
PSL = product specification levels

Requirements designation:

  • apply to only PSL 1 or to only PSL2 are so designated. 
  • when not designated to a specific PSL designation the requirements in this standard apply to both PSL 1 and PSL 2 pipe.
  • additional requirements for particular applications designated by the petroleum and natural gas industry often specifies .
  • additional requirements for PSL 2 (apply only when specified on the purchase order) for special applications: ordered with a qualified manufacturing procedure (Annex B), ordered with resistance to ductile fracture propagation in gas pipelines (Annex G); ordered for sour service (Annex H);  ordered as “Through the Flowline” (TFL) pipe (Annex I); ordered for offshore service (Annex J); 

When pipe is ordered for dual or multiple applications (more than one annex for special applications) the most stringent requirement applicable to the intended service shall apply

1. Scope: specifies requirements for the manufacture of  PSL 1 and  PSL 2 of seamless and welded steel pipes for use in pipeline transportation systems in the petroleum and natural gas industries (not applicable to cast pipe). 

2. Conformity : Units of measurement (expressed in SI units and USC units),  Rounding (unless otherwise stated, observed or calculated values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figure, in accordance with ISO 80000-1:2009/Cor 1:2011, Annex B, Rule A), Compliance to this Standard (the written quality system documents necessary to meet the requirement of this standard, not require to be certified by a third party certification body)






Terms and Definitions


API 5L reference, except as given in 4.1 to 4.67, shall apply:  ISO 6929 or ASTM A941 (steel products), SO 4885 or ASTM A941 for heat treatment), API TR 5T1 (imperfection terminology), ISO 404, ISO 10474 or ASTM A370 (types of sampling procedures, inspection and inspection documents) 
  • API 5L, 4.1 as agreed : requirement to be as agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser, and specified in the purchase order. NOTE  Associated, for example, with items covered by 7.2 a). 
  • API 5L, 4.2 as-rolled: delivery condition without any special rolling and/or heat-treatment 
  • API 5L, 4.3 coil/plate end weld: weld that joins coil or plate ends together 
  • API 5L, 4.4 cold expanded pipe: pipe that, while at ambient mill temperature, has received a permanent increase in outside diameter or circumference throughout its length, by internal hydrostatic pressure in closed dies or by an internal expanding mechanical device 
  • API 5L, 4.5 cold-sized pipe: pipe that, after forming (including sizing on EW), while at ambient mill temperature, has received a permanent increase in outside diameter or circumference for all or part of its length, or permanent decrease in outside diameter or circumference for all or part of its length 
  • API 5L, 4.6 cold finishing: cold-working operation (normally cold drawing)with a permanent strain greater than 1,5 %. NOTE  The amount of permanent strain generally differentiates it from cold expansion and cold sizing. 
  • API 5L, 4.7 cold forming: process in which a strip or plate is formed into a pipe without heating 
  • API 5L, 4.8 continuous welding (CW): process of forming a seam by heating the strip ina furnace and mechanically pressing the formed edges together, wherein successive coils ofstrip had been joined together to provide a continuous flow of strip for the welding mill 
  • API 5L, 4.9 COW pipe (combination welded pipe): tubular product having one or two longitudinal seams or one helical seam, produced by a combination of gas metal-arc and submerged-arc welding wherein the gas-metal arc weld bead is not completely removed by the submerged-arc welding passes 
  • API 5L, 4.10 COWH pipe (combination helical welded pipe): tubular product having one helical seam produced by a combination of gas metal-arc and submerged-arc welding wherein the gas-metal arc weld bead is not completely removed by the submerged-arc welding passes 
  • API 5L, 4.11 COWL pipe) combination longitudinal welded pipe): tubular product having one or two longitudinal seams produced by a combination of gas metal-arc and submerged-arc welding wherein the gas-metal arc weld bead is not completely removed by the submerged-arc welding passes 
  • API 5L, 4.12 COW seam (combination welding seam): longitudinal or helical seam produced by a combination of gas metal-arc and submerged-arc welding wherein the gas-metal arc weld bead is not completely removed by the submerged-arc welding passes 
  • API 5L, 4.13 CW pipe (continuous welded pipe): tubular product having one longitudinal seam produced by continuous welding 
  • API 5L, 4.14 daughter coil: portion of steel removed via slitting, cutting or shearing from the mother coil which is used to produce one or more pieces of pipe 
  • API 5L, 4.15 daughter plate: portion of steel removed via slitting, cutting or shearing from the mother plate which is used to produce one or more pieces of pipe 
  • API 5L, 4.16 defect: imperfection of a size and/or population density greater than the acceptance criteria specified in this Standard 
  • API 5L, 4.17 EW pipe (electric welded pipe): tubular product having one longitudinal seam produced by low- or high-frequency electric-welding 
  • API 5L, 4.18 EW seam (electric welded seam): longitudinal seam produced by electric welding 
  • API 5L, 4.19 electric welding (EW): process of forming a seam by electric-resistance welding, wherein the edges to be welded are mechanically pressed together and the heat for welding is generated by the resistance to flow of electric current applied by induction or conduction 
  • API 5L, 4.20 flux core arc welding: welding process that produces melting and coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a continuous filler metal electrode and the work-piece, wherein the arc and molten metal are shielded by a flux contained within the tubular electrode. NOTE  In some cases, additional shielding is obtained from an externally supplied gas or gas mixture. 
  • API 5L, 4.21 gas metal-arc welding (GMAW): welding process that produces melting and coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc or arcs between a continuous consumable electrode and the work, wherein the arc and molten metal are shielded by an externally supplied gas or gas mixture. NOTE  Contact pressure is not used and the filler metal is obtained from the electrode. 
  • API 5L, 4.22 heat: the metal produced by a single cycle of a batch melting process 
  • API 5L, 4.23 HFW pipe (high-frequency welded pipe): EW pipe produced with a welding current frequency equal to or greater than 70 kHz 
  • API 5L, 4.24 if agreed: requirement to be as prescribed, or more stringent than is prescribed, if agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser and specified in the purchase order. NOTE  Associated, for example, with items covered by 7.2 c). 
  • API 5L, 4.25 imperfection: discontinuity or irregularity in the product wall or on the product surface that is detectable by inspection methods outlined in this Standard 
  • API 5L, 4.26 indication: evidence obtained by non-destructive inspection 
  • API 5L, 4.27 informative elements: elements that: a) identify the document, introduce its content and explain its background, development, and its relationship with other documents, or b) provide additional information intended to assistwith the understanding or use of the document. NOTE  See ISO/IEC Directives Part 2.  
  • API 5L, 4.28 inspection: activities, such as measuring, examining, testing,weighing or gauging one or more characteristics of a product, and comparing the results of such activities with the specified requirements in order to determine conformity. NOTE  Adapted from ISO 404. 
  • API 5L, 4.29 instrument standardization: adjustment of a non-destructive inspection instrument to an arbitrary reference value 
  • API 5L, 4.30 jointer: two or three lengths of pipe coupled or welded together by the manufacturer 
  • API 5L, 4.31 ladle refining: a post steelmaking secondary process, performed prior to casting to improve the steel quality, of which some examples may include degassing, desulfurization and various methods for the removal of nonmetallic inclusions and for inclusion shape control 
  • API 5L, 4.32 lamination: internal metal separation that creates layers, generally parallel to the pipe surface 
  • API 5L, 4.33 laser welding (LW): process of forming a seam by using a laser-beam keyhole welding technique to produce melting and coalescence of the edges to be welded, with or without preheating of the edges, wherein shielding is obtained from an externally supplied gas or gas mixture 
  • API 5L, 4.34 low frequency electric welded pipe (LFW pipe): EW pipe produced with a welding current frequency less than 70 kHz 
  • API 5L, 4.35 LW pipe (laser welded pipe): tubular product having one longitudinal seam produced by laser welding 
  • API 5L, 4.36 manufacturer: firm, company or corporation responsible for making and marking the product in accordance with the requirements of this Standard. NOTE 1  The manufacturer is, as applicable, a pipe mill, processor, maker of couplings or threader. NOTE 2  Adapted from ISO 11961[5]
  • API 5L, 4.37 mother coil: hot-rolled coil of steel processed from a single reheated slab which is used to produce one or more pieces of pipe 
  • API 5L, 4.38 mother plate: hot-rolled plate of steel processed from a single reheated slab which is used to produce one or more pieces of pipe 
  • API 5L, 4.39 non-destructive inspection/ non-destructive testing (NDT): inspection of pipe to reveal imperfections, using radiographic, ultrasonic or other methods specified in this Standard that do not involve disturbance, stressing or breaking of the materials 
  • API 5L, 4.40 normalizing formed: pipe delivery condition resulting from the forming process in which the final deformation is carried out within a certain temperature range, leading to a material condition equivalent to that obtained after normalizing, such that the specified mechanical properties would still be met in the event of any subsequent normalizing 
  • API 5L, 4.41 normalizing rolled: pipe delivery condition resulting from the rolling process in which the final deformation is carried out within a certain temperature range, leading to a material condition equivalent to that obtained after normalizing, such that the specified mechanical properties would still be met in the event of any subsequent normalizing 
  • API 5L, 4.42 normative elements: elements that describe the scope of the document, and which set out provisions that are required to implement the standard. NOTE  See ISO/IEC Directives Part 2. 
  • API 5L, 4.43 pipe body: <SMLS pipe> the entire pipe 
  • API 5L, 4.44 pipe body: <welded pipe> the entire pipe, excluding the weld(s) and HAZ 
  • API 5L, 4.45 pipe grade: designation of pipe strength level. NOTE  Chemical composition and/or heat treatment condition of a pipe grade may differ. 
  • API 5L, 4.46 pipe mill: firm, company or corporation that operates pipe-making facilities. NOTE  Adapted from ISO 11960[6]
  • API 5L, 4.47 processor: firm, company or corporation that operates facilities capable of heat treating pipe made by a pipe mill. NOTE  Adapted from ISO 11960[6]
  • API 5L, 4.48 product analysis: chemical analysis of the pipe, plate or coil 
  • API 5L, 4.49 purchaser: party responsible for both the definition of requirements for a product order and for payment of that order
  • API 5L, 4.50 quenching and tempering: heat treatment consisting of quench hardening followed by tempering 
  • API 5L, 4.51 sample: quantity of material taken from the product to be tested for the purpose of producing one or more test pieces 
  • API 5L, 4.52 SAW pipe (submerged-arc welded pipe) :tubular product having one or two longitudinal seams, or one helical seam, produced by the submerged arc welding process 
  • API 5L, 4.53 SAWH pipe (submerged-arc helical welded pipe): tubular product having one helical seam produced by the submerged-arc welding process 
  • API 5L, 4.54 SAWL pipe (submerged-arc longitudinal welded pipe): tubular product having one or two longitudinal seams produced by submerged-arc welding 
  • API 5L, 4.55 SAW seam (submerged-arc welding seam): longitudinal or helical seam produced by submerged-arc welding 
  • API 5L, 4.56 seamless pipe (SMLS pipe): pipe without a welded seam, produced by a hot-forming process, which can be followed by cold sizing or cold finishing to produce the desired shape, dimensions and properties 
  • API 5L, 4.57 service condition: condition of use that is specified bythe purchaser in the purchase order. NOTE  In this Standard, the terms “sour service”and “offshore service” are service conditions. 
  • API 5L, 4.58 shielded metal arc welding (SMAW): welding process that produces melting and coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a covered metal electrode and the work, wherein the arc and molten metal are shielded by decomposition of the electrode covering. NOTE  Contact pressure is not used and the decomposition is obtained from the electrode. 
  • API 5L, 4.59 submerged-arc welding (SAW): welding process that produces melting and coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc or arcs between a bare metal consumable electrode or electrodes and the work-piece, wherein the arc and molten metal are shielded by a blanket of granular flux. NOTE  Contact pressure is not used and part or all ofthe filler metal is obtained from the electrodes.
  • API 5L, 4.60 tack weld: intermittent or continuous seam weld used to maintain the alignment of the abutting edges until the final seam weld is produced 
  • API 5L, 4.61 test piece: part of a sample with specified dimensions, machinedor un-machined, brought to a required condition for submission to a given test 
  • API 5L, 4.62 test unit: prescribed quantity of pipe that is made to the samespecified outside diameter and specified wall thickness, from coils/plates produced by the same hot rolling practice (as applicable to welded pipe), from the same pipe-manufacturing process from the same heat and under the same pipe-manufacturing conditions 
  • API 5L, 4.63 thermomechanical forming: hot-forming process for manufacture of pipe, in which the final deformation is carried out in a certain temperature range, leading to a material condition with certain properties that cannot be achieved or repeated by heat treatment alone, and such deformation is followed by cooling, possibly with increased cooling rates, with or without tempering, self-tempering included. CAUTION — Subsequent heating above 580 °C (1 075 °F) typically can lower the strength values. 
  • API 5L, 4.64 thermomechanical rolled: pipe delivery condition resulting from the hot-rolling process for coil or plate, in which the final deformation is carried out in a certain temperature range, leading to a material condition with certain properties that cannot be achieved or repeated by heat treatment alone, and such deformation is followed by cooling, possibly with increased cooling rates, with or without tempering, self-tempering included. CAUTION — Subsequent heating above 580 °C (1 075 °F) typically can lower the strength values. 
  • API 5L, 4.65 undercut: groove melted into the parent metal adjacent to the weld toe and left unfilled by the deposited weld metal 
  • API 5L, 4.66 unless otherwise agreed: requirement that applies, unless an alternative requirement is agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser and specified in the purchase order. NOTE  Associated, for example, with items covered by 7.2 b) and 7.2 c). 
  • API 5L, 4.67 welded pipe: CW, COWH, COWL, EW, HFW, LFW, LW, SAWH or SAWL pipe 

Coating

NDE

Welding

Code, Standard, Rule


API Series

  • API 5L : Specification for Line Pipe
  • API 5CT : Specification for Casing and Tubing
  • API 5CRA : Specification for Corrosion Resistant Alloy Seamless Tubes for Use as Casing, Tubing and Coupling Stock
  • API 6A : Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment
  • API STD 5B : Specification for Threading, Gauging and Thread Inspection of Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe Threads
  • API RP 577 : Welding Inspection and Metallurgy
  • API RP 574 : Inspection Practices for Piping System Components
  • API 1104 : Standard for Welding Pipelines and Related Facilities
  • API 570 : Piping Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repai, and Alteration of Piping Systems


AWS Series

  • AWS A2.4 : Standard Sysmbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination
  • AWS A3.0 : Standard Welding Terms and Definitions
  • AWS B.21 : Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification
  • AWS D1.1 : Structural Welding Code - Steel
  • AWS D1.6 : Structural Welding Code - Stainless Stell
  • AWS D10.2 : Guide for Welding Mild Steel


ASME Series

  • ASME BPVC Sec. V : Nondestructive Examination
  • ASME BPVC Sec. VIII Div 1 & 2 : Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
  • ASME BPVC Sec. VIII Div 3 : Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels
  • ASME BPVC Sec. IX : Qualification Standard for Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Procedures; Wleders; Brazers; and Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Operators
  • ASME B31.3 : Code for Pressure Piping


DNV Series
  • DNV OS-C401 Fabrication and Testing of Offshore Structures

#inspectionandtest